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Performance Analysis of CDL-impaired Multi-Core Fiber Transmission

Received: 14 September 2021     Accepted: 12 October 2021     Published: 23 November 2021
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Abstract

Single-mode fibers have reached a critical point in terms of optical communication capacity. Space division multiplexing (SDM) is one of the most promising candidates for increasing optical fiber capacity. SDM allows the propagation of multiple spatial channels where the paths could be multiple cores in a multi-core fiber (MCF). The transmission performance of MCFs is impaired by a non-unitary effect known as Core Dependent Loss (CDL). Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology is an effective solution to improve the transmission performance of MCFs. However, it can increase the system cost. Several techniques, such as core scrambling and Space-Time (ST) coding, have been proposed to mitigate CDL. This paper focuses on the analysis of the MCF transmission performance of different schemes. Our analysis concerns the derivation of an upper bound of the error probability by applying Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Zero-Forcing (ZF) decoders at the receiver. We also evaluate the performance of both core scrambling and ST coding systems. We prove that the ZF decoder offers similar performance to the ML decoder and confirm this with simulation results. Finally, to consider the cost factor of applying MIMO techniques, low complexity solution is proposed by combining core scrambling and ST codes using the sub-optimal ZF decoder and show performance close to the Gaussian channel.

Published in American Journal of Optics and Photonics (Volume 9, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajop.20210903.12
Page(s) 39-50
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fiber Optics Communications, MIMO, Space Division Multiplexing, Space-Time Coding

References
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Akram Abouseif, Ghaya Rekaya-Ben Othman, Oussama Damen. (2021). Performance Analysis of CDL-impaired Multi-Core Fiber Transmission. American Journal of Optics and Photonics, 9(3), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20210903.12

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    ACS Style

    Akram Abouseif; Ghaya Rekaya-Ben Othman; Oussama Damen. Performance Analysis of CDL-impaired Multi-Core Fiber Transmission. Am. J. Opt. Photonics 2021, 9(3), 39-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20210903.12

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    AMA Style

    Akram Abouseif, Ghaya Rekaya-Ben Othman, Oussama Damen. Performance Analysis of CDL-impaired Multi-Core Fiber Transmission. Am J Opt Photonics. 2021;9(3):39-50. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20210903.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajop.20210903.12,
      author = {Akram Abouseif and Ghaya Rekaya-Ben Othman and Oussama Damen},
      title = {Performance Analysis of CDL-impaired Multi-Core Fiber Transmission},
      journal = {American Journal of Optics and Photonics},
      volume = {9},
      number = {3},
      pages = {39-50},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajop.20210903.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20210903.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajop.20210903.12},
      abstract = {Single-mode fibers have reached a critical point in terms of optical communication capacity. Space division multiplexing (SDM) is one of the most promising candidates for increasing optical fiber capacity. SDM allows the propagation of multiple spatial channels where the paths could be multiple cores in a multi-core fiber (MCF). The transmission performance of MCFs is impaired by a non-unitary effect known as Core Dependent Loss (CDL). Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology is an effective solution to improve the transmission performance of MCFs. However, it can increase the system cost. Several techniques, such as core scrambling and Space-Time (ST) coding, have been proposed to mitigate CDL. This paper focuses on the analysis of the MCF transmission performance of different schemes. Our analysis concerns the derivation of an upper bound of the error probability by applying Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Zero-Forcing (ZF) decoders at the receiver. We also evaluate the performance of both core scrambling and ST coding systems. We prove that the ZF decoder offers similar performance to the ML decoder and confirm this with simulation results. Finally, to consider the cost factor of applying MIMO techniques, low complexity solution is proposed by combining core scrambling and ST codes using the sub-optimal ZF decoder and show performance close to the Gaussian channel.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Performance Analysis of CDL-impaired Multi-Core Fiber Transmission
    AU  - Akram Abouseif
    AU  - Ghaya Rekaya-Ben Othman
    AU  - Oussama Damen
    Y1  - 2021/11/23
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20210903.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajop.20210903.12
    T2  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
    JF  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
    JO  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
    SP  - 39
    EP  - 50
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8494
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20210903.12
    AB  - Single-mode fibers have reached a critical point in terms of optical communication capacity. Space division multiplexing (SDM) is one of the most promising candidates for increasing optical fiber capacity. SDM allows the propagation of multiple spatial channels where the paths could be multiple cores in a multi-core fiber (MCF). The transmission performance of MCFs is impaired by a non-unitary effect known as Core Dependent Loss (CDL). Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology is an effective solution to improve the transmission performance of MCFs. However, it can increase the system cost. Several techniques, such as core scrambling and Space-Time (ST) coding, have been proposed to mitigate CDL. This paper focuses on the analysis of the MCF transmission performance of different schemes. Our analysis concerns the derivation of an upper bound of the error probability by applying Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Zero-Forcing (ZF) decoders at the receiver. We also evaluate the performance of both core scrambling and ST coding systems. We prove that the ZF decoder offers similar performance to the ML decoder and confirm this with simulation results. Finally, to consider the cost factor of applying MIMO techniques, low complexity solution is proposed by combining core scrambling and ST codes using the sub-optimal ZF decoder and show performance close to the Gaussian channel.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • MIMOPT Technology, Paris, France

  • Telecom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Paris, France

  • Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

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