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Comparative Study Between Erythrocytes Blood Cells and Modulated Circular Aperture Using Speckle Photography

Received: 3 August 2019     Accepted: 22 August 2019     Published: 9 October 2019
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Abstract

A manipulation of four circles arranged along the Cartesian coordinates in uniform circular aperture is compared with selected four blood cells forming the object using the technique of speckle photography. The aperture model is considered have two- fold symmetry. A diffuser is placed in the same plane of the object or the model of four circles in order to get the modulated speckle pattern which is the Fourier spectrum of object information convoluted with the Fourier spectrum of the random diffuser. The modulated speckle pattern is smeared by the Point Spread Function computed from the diffraction corresponding to the whole circular aperture. The reconstruction process gave nearly similar speckle images little degraded by the noise originated from the diffuser. The Point Spread Function corresponding to the model of four circles is computed analytically and also using the FFT technique. A comparison is made with the Fourier spectrum of the blood cells and its corresponding autocorrelation function giving nearly similar results. We can acquire the erythrocytes blood cells in the imaging plane by operating the FFT upon the modulated speckle images. The reconstructed images of blood cells are affected by the noise originated from the diffuser. A Mat- Lab code is made in the construction of the aperture and all the images computed in the processing.

Published in American Journal of Optics and Photonics (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.12
Page(s) 57-62
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Two - Fold Symmetrical Aperture, Model of Four Circles as Aperture, Point Spread Function, Speckle Imaging

References
[1] Briers, J. D. and Fercher, A. F. (1982). Retinal blood-flow visualization by means of laser speckle photography. Invest. Ophthalmology Vis. Sci., 22 (2) 255–259.
[2] Briers, J. D. and Webster, S. (1995). Quasi real-time digital version of single-exposure speckle photography for full-field monitoring of velocity or flow fields. Opt. Communication, 116 (1) 36–42.
[3] Briers, J. D. and Webster, S. (1996). Laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA): a non- scanning, full-field technique for monitoring capillary. J. Biomed. Opt., 1 (2) 174–179.
[4] Briers, J. D. Richards, G., and He. X. W. (1999). Capillary blood flow monitoring using laser speckle contrast analysis (LASCA). J. Biomed. Optic., 4 (1) 164–175.
[5] Briers, J. D. (2007). Laser speckle contrast imaging for measuring blood flow. Optica Applicata, 37 (1/2): 139–152.
[6] Goodman, J. W. (1975). Statistical properties of laser speckle patterns. In Laser Speckle and Related Phenomena, volume 9, chapter 2, pages 9–75. Springer-Verlage.
[7] Francon, M. (1979). Laser Speckle and Applications in Optics. ISBN:9780323160728. Publisher: Academic Pr.
[8] Hamed, A. M. & Clair, J. J. (1983). Image and super-resolution in optical coherent microscopes. Optik 64 (4) 277-284.
[9] Hamed, A. M. & Clair, J. J. (1983). Studies on optical properties of confocal scanning optical microscope using pupils with radially transmission ρn distribution. Optik 65 (3) 209-218.
[10] Hamed, A. M. (1984). Resolution and Contrast in Confocal Optical Scanning Microscope, Optics & Laser Tech. 16 (4) 93-96.
[11] Hamed, A. M. (2011). Discrimination between speckle images using diffusers modulated by some deformed apertures: Simulations. Journal of Optical Engineering 50 (1) 1-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.3530085.
[12] Hamed, A. M. (2014). Study of graded index and truncated apertures using speckle images. Precision Instrument and Mech. PIM 3 (1) 144-152.
[13] Hamed, A. M. and Al-Saeed, T. A. (2014). Processing of mammographic images using speckle technique. International Journal of Computational Engineering IJCER, 4 (1) 56-62.
[14] Hamed, A. M. & Al-Saeed, T. A. (2015). Image analysis of modified Hamming aperture: Application on confocal microscopy and holography. Journal of Modern Optics 62 (10) 801–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2015.1007102.
[15] Hamed, A. M. (2017). Improvement of point spread function (PSF) using linear- quadratic aperture. Optik, 131 (2) 838-849.
[16] Hamed, A. M. (2015). Topics on Optical and Digital Image Processing Using Holography and Speckle Techniques. I. S. B. N. 9781329328464- 1st edition. Publisher: www.lulu.com.
[17] Hamed, A. M. (2017). The PSF of some modulated apertures (Application on speckle and interferometry images). ISBN: 9786202070706. Publisher: www.lap.com/.
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  • APA Style

    Abdallah Mohamed Hamed, Tarek Abd-Elmotelb Al-Saeed. (2019). Comparative Study Between Erythrocytes Blood Cells and Modulated Circular Aperture Using Speckle Photography. American Journal of Optics and Photonics, 7(3), 57-62. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.12

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    ACS Style

    Abdallah Mohamed Hamed; Tarek Abd-Elmotelb Al-Saeed. Comparative Study Between Erythrocytes Blood Cells and Modulated Circular Aperture Using Speckle Photography. Am. J. Opt. Photonics 2019, 7(3), 57-62. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.12

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    AMA Style

    Abdallah Mohamed Hamed, Tarek Abd-Elmotelb Al-Saeed. Comparative Study Between Erythrocytes Blood Cells and Modulated Circular Aperture Using Speckle Photography. Am J Opt Photonics. 2019;7(3):57-62. doi: 10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.12,
      author = {Abdallah Mohamed Hamed and Tarek Abd-Elmotelb Al-Saeed},
      title = {Comparative Study Between Erythrocytes Blood Cells and Modulated Circular Aperture Using Speckle Photography},
      journal = {American Journal of Optics and Photonics},
      volume = {7},
      number = {3},
      pages = {57-62},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajop.20190703.12},
      abstract = {A manipulation of four circles arranged along the Cartesian coordinates in uniform circular aperture is compared with selected four blood cells forming the object using the technique of speckle photography. The aperture model is considered have two- fold symmetry. A diffuser is placed in the same plane of the object or the model of four circles in order to get the modulated speckle pattern which is the Fourier spectrum of object information convoluted with the Fourier spectrum of the random diffuser. The modulated speckle pattern is smeared by the Point Spread Function computed from the diffraction corresponding to the whole circular aperture. The reconstruction process gave nearly similar speckle images little degraded by the noise originated from the diffuser. The Point Spread Function corresponding to the model of four circles is computed analytically and also using the FFT technique. A comparison is made with the Fourier spectrum of the blood cells and its corresponding autocorrelation function giving nearly similar results. We can acquire the erythrocytes blood cells in the imaging plane by operating the FFT upon the modulated speckle images. The reconstructed images of blood cells are affected by the noise originated from the diffuser. A Mat- Lab code is made in the construction of the aperture and all the images computed in the processing.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Comparative Study Between Erythrocytes Blood Cells and Modulated Circular Aperture Using Speckle Photography
    AU  - Abdallah Mohamed Hamed
    AU  - Tarek Abd-Elmotelb Al-Saeed
    Y1  - 2019/10/09
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.12
    T2  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
    JF  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
    JO  - American Journal of Optics and Photonics
    SP  - 57
    EP  - 62
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8494
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajop.20190703.12
    AB  - A manipulation of four circles arranged along the Cartesian coordinates in uniform circular aperture is compared with selected four blood cells forming the object using the technique of speckle photography. The aperture model is considered have two- fold symmetry. A diffuser is placed in the same plane of the object or the model of four circles in order to get the modulated speckle pattern which is the Fourier spectrum of object information convoluted with the Fourier spectrum of the random diffuser. The modulated speckle pattern is smeared by the Point Spread Function computed from the diffraction corresponding to the whole circular aperture. The reconstruction process gave nearly similar speckle images little degraded by the noise originated from the diffuser. The Point Spread Function corresponding to the model of four circles is computed analytically and also using the FFT technique. A comparison is made with the Fourier spectrum of the blood cells and its corresponding autocorrelation function giving nearly similar results. We can acquire the erythrocytes blood cells in the imaging plane by operating the FFT upon the modulated speckle images. The reconstructed images of blood cells are affected by the noise originated from the diffuser. A Mat- Lab code is made in the construction of the aperture and all the images computed in the processing.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

  • Biomedical Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

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